An ecosystem-such as a marsh-is a highly complex structure, consisting of all living organisms in a given area and their interactions not only among themselves but also with the environment. Interference by human beings and anthropogenic indulgence has caused a serious threat to the environment specially the flora and fauna.
· Endangerment and extinction of flora and fauna species
· Introduction of invasive and parasitic fauna and flora species to new areas
· Acid rain (formed in the air) destroys fish life in lakes and streams
· Excessive ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun through the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere which is eroded by some air pollutants, may cause skin cancer in wildlife
- Ozone in the lower atmosphere may damage lung tissues of animals
- Nutrient pollution (nitrogen, phosphates etc) nutrient pollution can also cause outbreaks of fish diseases
- Chemical contamination can cause declines in biodiversity.
- Oil pollution (as part of chemical contamination) can negatively affect development of marine organisms, increase susceptibility to disease and affect reproductive processes; can also cause gastrointestinal irritation, liver and kidney damage, and damage to the nervous system
- Mercury in water can cause abnormal behavior, slower growth and development, reduced reproduction, and death
- Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may cause declines, deformities and death of fish life
- Too much sodium chloride (ordinary salt) in water may kill animals
- Can alter metabolism of microorganisms in a given soil environment; this may destroy some layers of the primary food chain, and thus have a negative effect on animals.
- Small life forms may consume harmful chemicals which may then be passed up the food chain to larger animals; this may lead to increased mortality rates and even animal extinction
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